Diarrhoea in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Diarrhoea in dogs is a common issue that many pet owners encounter. While it can be distressing for both the dog and the owner, understanding what diarrhoea is, its types, causes, and treatment options can help you manage this condition effectively. This article aims to provide an in-depth look at diarrhoea in dogs, focusing on its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventative measures.

What is Diarrhoea?

Diarrhoea is characterized by the frequent passage of loose or watery stools. In dogs, it can vary from mild to severe, and it is often accompanied by other symptoms such as vomiting, lethargy, or abdominal pain. Diarrhoea is not a disease itself, but a symptom that can indicate underlying health issues.

How Does Diarrhoea Look?

The appearance of diarrhoeic stools can vary widely:

• Watery Stools: Liquid consistency, often with no solid form.
• Soft, Moulded Stools: Slightly formed but still softer than normal.
• Bloody Stools: May appear red (fresh blood) or darker (digested blood).
• Mucous Presence: Stools may have a slimy, gel-like consistency.

Types of Diarrhoea in Dogs

Diarrhoea in dogs can be classified into two main types:

1. Acute Diarrhoea: This type has a sudden onset and usually lasts for a short period, often a few days. It is often caused by dietary indiscretion, infections, or sudden changes in diet.
2. Chronic Diarrhoea: This type persists for three weeks or more and may indicate underlying health issues such as inflammatory bowel disease, parasites, or chronic infections.

Causes of Diarrhoea in Dogs

The causes of diarrhoea in dogs can be numerous, and they can range from dietary indiscretion to serious medical conditions. Here are some common causes:

1. Dietary Indiscretion

• Sudden Dietary Changes: Transitioning to a new food abruptly can upset your dog’s digestive system.
• Eating Spoiled Food: Consuming rancid or spoiled food can lead to gastrointestinal upset.
• Table Scraps and Human Food: Some human foods, especially fatty or spicy items, can cause diarrhoea.

2. Infections

• Bacterial Infections: Salmonella and E. coli are common culprits.
• Viral Infections: Parvovirus is particularly dangerous and can be fatal, especially in puppies.
• Parasitic Infections: Worms such as giardia and roundworms can lead to diarrhoea.

3. Allergies

Food allergies or intolerances can irritate the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in diarrhoea.

4. Toxins

Ingesting toxic substances like certain plants, chemicals, or medications can lead to gastrointestinal upset.

5. Medical Conditions

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Chronic inflammation can disrupt normal digestion.
• Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can cause severe diarrhoea and vomiting.
• Liver or Kidney Disease: Impaired function can lead to digestive issues.

Signs of Diarrhoea in Dogs

Apart from loose stools, diarrhoea in dogs may present with other symptoms, including:

• Increased frequency of bowel movements
• Straining to defecate
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Lethargy
• Fever

Diagnosis of Diarrhoea in Dogs

Diagnosing the cause of diarrhoea in dogs typically involves a multi-step process:

1. Veterinary Consultation: Schedule an appointment with a veterinarian who will conduct a thorough physical examination.
2. Medical History: The vet will ask about your dog’s diet, recent activities, any changes in routine, and additional symptoms.
3. Stool Analysis: A fecal examination can help identify parasites, bacteria, or other abnormalities.
4. Blood Tests: These can reveal underlying conditions such as infections or organ dysfunction.
5. Imaging Tests: In some cases, X-rays or ultrasounds may be necessary to visualize internal organs.

Treatment of Diarrhoea in Dogs

Treatment for diarrhoea in dogs depends on its cause. Here’s a look at common treatment options and medications:

1. Dietary Management

• Fasting: A short fasting period (12-24 hours) can help the gastrointestinal tract rest.
• Bland Diet: Gradually introduce a bland diet (like boiled chicken and rice) after the fasting period.

2. Medications

Medications can be administered depending on the underlying cause:

• Probiotics: Supplements like Forti Flora can restore gut flora. Administer according to package instructions or your vet’s recommendation.
• Antidiarrheal Medications:
  • Loperamide (Imodium): Dosage is usually 0.1-0.2 mg/kg every 8-12 hours. Consult your vet first, especially for breeds sensitive to this medication.
• Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics like Metronidazole might be prescribed at a dose of 5-20 mg/kg every 12 hours for 5-7 days.
• Dewormers: If parasites are identified, dewormers such as Fenbendazole may be used, typically dosed at 50 mg/kg for 3 days.

3. Fluid Therapy

Severe diarrhoea can lead to dehydration. In such cases, rehydration with electrolytes may be necessary. In extreme cases, intravenous fluids may be required.

4. Treating Underlying Conditions

If a chronic illness is identified, managing that condition will be crucial for treating the diarrhoea.

Prevention of Diarrhoea in Dogs

Preventing diarrhoea in dogs involves several key strategies:

1. Dietary Consistency: Avoid sudden changes in your dog’s diet. Transition gradually over 7-10 days.
2. Quality Food: Feed high-quality dog food that is appropriate for your dog’s age, size, and health condition.
3. Avoid Table Scraps: Keep human food and table scraps away from your dog, especially fatty or spicy items.
4. Regular Veterinary Check-ups: Routine veterinary visits can help identify potential health issues before they become serious.
5. Parasite Control: Regular deworming and flea control can help prevent parasitic infections.
6. Hydration: Ensure your dog has access to clean, fresh water at all times.
7. Supervise Outdoor Time: Keep an eye on your dog while they are outdoors to prevent them from eating anything harmful.

Diarrhoea in dogs can be distressing, but with proper understanding, it can often be managed effectively. Always consult with your veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment tailored to your dog’s specific needs. By taking preventative measures and monitoring your dog’s health, you can reduce the chances of diarrhoea occurring in the future.

By addressing diarrhoea proactively and with informed actions, you can help your dog maintain a healthy and happy life. If your dog shows signs of persistent or severe diarrhoea, do not hesitate to reach out to your veterinarian for advice and care.