The Cane Corso, also known as the Italian Mastiff, is a remarkable breed recognized for its impressive size and loyal temperament. This powerful dog can weigh over 100 pounds and reach up to 28 inches in height at the shoulder. Cane Corso’s are known for their muscular build, expressive faces, and strong presence.
Historical Background
Ancient Origins
The Cane Corso has a deep historical lineage, tracing back to ancient Greece and Rome. Historically, these dogs were used for various purposes including as watchdogs, farm helpers, and even in battle. Despite their long history, Cane Corso’s only gained popularity in the U.S. during the 1980s.
Meaning of the Cane Corso
The name “Cane Corso” translates from Latin to mean “bodyguard dog” or “guard dog of the courtyard.” While these dogs were originally bred to be guardians, they now make devoted and loving companions.
Appearance of Cane Corso
Size and Build
Cane Corso’s are known for their impressive size. Males can weigh between 110 and 150 pounds, and females typically weigh 90 to 110 pounds. Their shoulder height typically varies between 24 and 28 inches. Despite their large stature, they are agile and muscular.
Coat and Colors
The Cane Corso’s coat is short and smooth, requiring minimal grooming. Common colors include black, black brindle, chestnut brindle, fawn, gray, gray brindle, and red. They may also have a black or gray mask on their face.
Ears and Tail
Ear cropping is a common practice for Cane Corso’s, though it is mainly for cosmetic purposes. Tail docking is also performed for the same reason, but both practices are controversial and opposed by organizations like the American Veterinary Medical Association.
Care and Training of Cane Corso
Intelligence and Loyalty
Cane Corso’s are bright and keen to make their owners happy, which makes them quite trainable. However, they can also be quite independent and strong-willed. Early socialization with people and other animals is crucial to help them develop into well-behaved adults. Regular exercise is important to maintain their muscular build and overall health.
Common Colors and Grooming
The Cane Corso’s coat colors include black, brindle, fawn, gray, and red, with possible mask patterns. Their short coat is relatively low-maintenance, requiring only occasional brushing and bathing.
Health Considerations
Obesity
Obesity is a concern for all dogs but is particularly significant for large breeds like the Cane Corso. Carrying excess weight can put stress on their joints and result in additional health problems. Regular exercise and a balanced diet are essential to maintain a healthy weight.
Hip and Elbow Dysplasia
Hip and elbow dysplasia are common joint problems in large breeds. These conditions may lead to discomfort and decreased mobility. Symptoms may include limping and difficulty moving. Treatment options include weight management, physical therapy, joint supplements, anti-inflammatory medications, and sometimes surgery.
Idiopathic Epilepsy
Idiopathic epilepsy is a condition that causes seizures without a known cause. It typically emerges around the age of three. While there is no cure, medication can manage seizures effectively, allowing affected dogs to live long and fulfilling lives.
Demodectic Mange
Demodectic mange is a skin disorder caused by demodex mites. It can occur in puppies with immature immune systems or in adults with underlying health problems. Symptoms include hair loss, scaly skin, and redness. Treatment depends on how severe the condition is.
Eyelid Issues
Cane Corsos can suffer from several eyelid abnormalities, including:
- Entropion: The eyelid rolls inward, causing irritation from the eyelashes.
- Ectropion: The eyelid droops away from the eye, which can lead to inflammation.
- Cherry Eye: The gland of the third eyelid becomes displaced, appearing as a red mass.
These conditions often require surgical correction and may involve medication during recovery.
Bloat and GDV (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus)
Bloat, also known as gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), is a severe condition in which the stomach becomes distended with gas and then twists on itself. This condition can be life-threatening and demands prompt veterinary care. Symptoms include a rapidly expanding stomach, non-productive retching, and signs of abdominal pain. Preventive surgery called gastropexy can help reduce the risk by permanently securing the stomach to prevent twisting.
What to Feed a Cane Corso
Nutritional Needs
The Cane Corso, a versatile working dog, requires a balanced, high-quality diet to meet its specific nutritional needs. Depending on their age, you’ll need to select an appropriate formula labelled as puppy, adult, or senior. The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) provides guidelines for pet food, ensuring it meets or exceeds established standards for pet nutrition.
Feeding Guidelines
To help prevent bloat and Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), it’s essential to follow certain feeding practices. Here are some tips:
- Frequent, Smaller Meals: Instead of feeding one large meal, provide smaller portions throughout the day. This approach can help reduce the risk of digestive issues.
- Avoid Elevated Bowls: Do not use elevated food bowls, as they may increase the risk of bloat.
- Timing and Exercise: Ensure your Cane Corso does not engage in vigorous exercise right before or after meals.
Portion Sizes
Puppies generally need to be fed three to four times a day, while adult Cane Corsos typically eat twice daily. The exact amount of food will depend on the caloric density of the food and your dog’s energy requirements. It’s best to consult your veterinarian to determine the appropriate portion sizes based on your dog’s specific needs.
Nutritional Supplements
If your Cane Corso is on a well-balanced, AAFCO-approved diet, additional vitamin and mineral supplements may not be necessary. However, some supplements can support joint and digestive health:
- Joint Health Supplements: Glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM supplements (like Dasuquin with MSM) can help support joint health. MSM has natural anti-inflammatory properties, and omega-3 fatty acids from high-quality fish oil can also aid in reducing inflammation.
- Probiotics: Probiotics can promote digestive health. Some options, such as Calming Care and Zesty Paws, also help with anxiety and add beneficial fiber to the diet.
Behavior and Training Tips for a Cane Corso
Cane Corso Personality and Temperament
Cane Corso’s are known for their loyal and protective nature. They thrive in a family setting and are especially good with children when properly trained and socialized. This breed is confident and attentive, often displaying a calm demeanor.
However, Cane Corso have a strong-willed nature and may take charge if not properly guided. Early training and socialization are crucial to ensure they adapt well to new people, animals, and situations. Starting training as soon as your Cane Corso puppy arrives home is highly recommended. Due to their size, they may be more suited to families with older children.
Cane Corso Behavior
With a history as working dogs, Cane Corso’s can be serious and sensitive. Their behaviour is largely influenced by the training and care they receive. In the right hands, they are affectionate and gentle. However, if they encounter inconsistent or harsh treatment, they may become reactive.
To ensure a positive experience with your Cane Corso:
- Supervise Interactions: Always monitor interactions between your Cane Corso and young children or other pets.
- Educate Children: Teach children how to interact respectfully with dogs to foster a safe environment.
- Close Contact: Cane Corso’s enjoy being near their family members. Placing their beds in frequently used rooms can help them feel included and secure.
Cane Corso Training
The Cane Corso is a highly intelligent and active breed that thrives when given tasks and challenges. This working dog excels in various activities and benefits greatly from physical and mental stimulation.
Training and Exercise of Cane Corso
- Activity Needs: Cane Corso’s require a lot of exercise to stay happy and healthy. A fenced-in yard is ideal, as it allows them to run and play freely. Regular walks or runs are also important for their well-being.
- Engaging Activities: These dogs enjoy agility training, skills training, dock diving, and other activities that keep their minds engaged and bodies fit. They may also participate in nose work, scent walks, and obstacle courses.
- Behavior Issues: Without adequate exercise and mental stimulation, Cane Corsos can develop unwanted behaviors such as digging, pawing, and jumping. Regular activity helps prevent these issues.
- Toy Preferences: Unlike some breeds, Cane Corsos are not particularly interested in toys or retrieving games. They are more motivated by activities that challenge them physically and mentally.
Fun Activities for a Cane Corso
To keep your Cane Corso entertained and active, consider these engaging activities:
- Nose Work: Activities that stimulate their sense of smell.
- Scent Walks: Walks where they can explore and use their nose.
- Agility Courses: Obstacle courses that test their agility and obedience.
- Sled Pulling: Pulling sleds can be a fun and physically demanding activity.
- Dock Diving: Jumping into water from a dock can be an exciting challenge.
Cane Corso Grooming Guide
Cane Corsos have a short, smooth double-layer coat that is relatively easy to maintain. However, they do shed throughout the year, particularly in the spring.
Skin and Coat Care
- Bathing: Cane Corsos only need to be bathed a few times a year or when they become particularly dirty. Frequent bathing can strip their coat of natural oils, which protect their skin.
- Brushing: Weekly brushing is sufficient, though more frequent brushing during shedding seasons is beneficial. Use a medium-bristle brush, rubber grooming mitt, or hound glove to remove dead hair and dirt, and to promote healthy hair growth.
Eye Care
- Inspection: Check your Cane Corso’s eyes regularly for clarity, and ensure there is no redness or discharge. Watch for any issues like eyelids rubbing against the eye or drooping, which may require veterinary attention.
- Cleaning: Use a mild eye-cleaning wipe to prevent tear staining and maintain eye health.
Ear Care
- Routine Checks: Inspect your Cane Corso’s ears weekly for signs of redness or unpleasant odor, which could indicate an infection.
- Cleaning: Avoid over-cleaning the ears, as excessive moisture from frequent cleaning or swimming can promote bacterial growth and cause infections.
Nail Care
- Trimming: Trim your Cane Corso’s nails regularly to prevent them from becoming too long, which can cause discomfort and affect their ability to walk properly. If you hear their nails clicking on hard surfaces, it’s time for a trim.
Dental Care
- Brushing: Brush your Cane Corso’s teeth two to three times a week to help reduce plaque and tartar build-up. Dental chews can also aid in maintaining oral health.
Considerations for Pet Parents
Before bringing a Cane Corso into your home, consider these factors:
- Commitment: Ensure you have the time and dedication to train, socialize, and exercise your new pet. Cane Corsos require significant attention and activity to thrive.
- Space Requirements: Ideally, a Cane Corso should have access to a large yard with a tall, sturdy fence. They are not well-suited for apartment living due to their size and exercise needs.
