Shih Tzu dog breeds are friendly and lively dogs that love being around people and other animals. They enjoy spending time with their family and don’t like being left alone for too long. Like all puppies, Shih Tzus need early socialization to help them grow into well-behaved adults. Without it, they might start barking too much or digging in the yard.
While Shih Tzus do need exercise, a 30-minute walk and some playtime at home usually keep them happy. They love getting attention and treats, and they’re eager to learn new tricks to earn both.
Their most significant care requirement is their long, beautiful coat, which keeps growing. Though they don’t shed much and are considered “hypoallergenic” (though no dog is completely hypoallergenic), their fur can get tangled and matted. Many owners opt for a “puppy cut” to minimize grooming, but if you leave their coat long, it will need regular brushing, bathing, and professional grooming.
One important note: Shih Tzus have short, flat faces, making them more prone to overheating. It’s essential to keep them cool and avoid hot weather to prevent heatstroke.
Shih Tzu Breed of Origin
The Shih Tzu traces its origins back to Tibet, where it was bred by Tibetan monks as a companion for Chinese royalty. Its name means “Lion Dog” in Mandarin, a nod to its resemblance to the lion statues that guard temples. The breed was later brought to China, where it became a favored pet of the imperial court during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Breed Characteristics of Shih Tzu
This breeds are small, sturdy dogs with a long, flowing coat and a distinctive pushed-in face. They typically weigh between 9 to 16 pounds and stand about 9 to 10.5 inches tall at the shoulder. Their coat, which can be long and luxurious, requires regular grooming to prevent matting. Shih Tzu’s are known for their friendly and outgoing nature, often forming strong bonds with their owners. They have a playful disposition and are generally good with children and other pets.
Suitability
This breeds are well-suited for families, singles, and seniors who can provide them with the attention they crave. They thrive in various living environments, from apartments to larger homes, as long as they receive sufficient care and exercise. However, potential owners should be aware that their long coat requires regular maintenance, and their brachycephalic (flat-faced) structure may lead to respiratory issues in extreme temperatures.
Not Suitable For
Those who are unable to commit to regular grooming or who live in extremely hot or cold climates might find the Shih Tzu less suitable. Additionally, potential owners with very active lifestyles might need to consider whether the Shih Tzu’s lower exercise needs align with their own.
Health Issues of Shih Tzu: What to Watch For
The Shih Tzu is a charming breed known for its long lifespan, typically ranging from 10 to 18 years. While generally healthy, Shih Tzus can be prone to certain medical conditions. Here’s a look at some common health issues and how to manage them:
1. Brachycephalic Syndrome
Shih Tzus have flat faces, which can lead to a condition called brachycephalic syndrome. This condition affects the upper airway and includes issues such as:
- Small nostrils
- A long, soft palate
- Collapsing trachea
- Extra tissue in the back of the throat
These issues can cause breathing problems and make Shih Tzus more susceptible to overheating. If the condition is severe, your vet might recommend surgery to help improve breathing, especially when the dog is still a puppy.
2. Obesity
Shih Tzus aren’t particularly athletic, which makes them prone to weight gain. Obesity can lead to several health problems, including diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, and breathing difficulties. To keep your Shih Tzu at a healthy weight, limit treats to less than 10% of their daily calories and ensure they get 20–30 minutes of exercise each day, such as walks and playtime.
3. Luxating Patellas
Patellar luxation occurs when the kneecap slips out of its normal position, causing discomfort, limping, and potentially arthritis. Sometimes, the kneecap will go back into place on its own, but in severe cases, surgery might be needed.
4. Periodontal Disease
Shih Tzus are prone to dental issues due to overcrowded teeth in their small mouths, which can lead to tartar buildup and periodontal disease. Regular brushing, professional cleanings, and removing problematic teeth as needed can help keep their teeth and gums healthy.
5. Hip Dysplasia
Hip dysplasia happens when the hip joints don’t fit together properly, leading to arthritis, pain, and trouble walking. It’s often diagnosed with X-rays and managed with medications, joint supplements, or surgery in more severe cases.
6. Eye Problems
Shih Tzus can suffer from various inherited eye conditions, including glaucoma, chronic dry eye, and cataracts. Watch for signs like red or bulging eyes, eye discharge, cloudy eyes, or squinting. If you notice any of these symptoms, contact your vet promptly.
7. Liver Shunts (Portosystemic Shunts)
A liver shunt is a condition where blood toxins bypass the liver, leading to gastrointestinal issues, stunted growth, and neurological symptoms like seizures. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests and imaging, and treatment may include surgery, dietary changes, and medications.
8. Ear Infections
Due to their floppy ears, Shih Tzus are prone to ear infections. The lack of airflow and the growth of fur inside the ears can trap moisture and lead to painful, itchy infections. Regular check-ups and prompt treatment with medications can help manage these infections.
9. Glomerulonephritis
This kidney disease, which is inherited in Shih Tzus, causes the loss of excess protein and can lead to kidney malfunction at an early age. Symptoms include lack of appetite, vomiting, diarrhoea, increased thirst and urination, weight loss, and muscle wasting. Treatment often involves dietary changes, medications, and sometimes fluid therapy.
Feeding of Shih Tzu
Shih Tzus are prone to obesity, so it’s crucial to provide them with a balanced diet and limit treats. A twice-daily feeding of a well-balanced, small-bite kibble is ideal. Opting for dry kibble over canned food can help reduce the risk of periodontal disease, as the kibble’s abrasiveness helps remove plaque. Additionally, a dental-specific diet can offer extra benefits for maintaining oral health.
Shih Tzu puppies should eat frequently, around three to four times a day, to help prevent hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Meals rich in high-quality fats, proteins, and complex carbohydrates are ideal, as they support stable blood sugar levels. Most well-formulated small breed puppy foods provide these essential nutrients.
As your Shih Tzu grows, gradually switch to adult dog food around their first birthday. This transition helps ensure they get the right balance of nutrients for their changing needs.
Behavior and Training Tips for Shih Tzu
Personality and Temperament
Shih Tzus may be small, but they have big personalities. They’re loyal, loving, and enjoy being around families, including children and other pets. Playful and intelligent, they thrive on attention and are adaptable to both cozy indoor times and outdoor adventures. With proper early socialization, they generally get along well with kids and other animals.
Behaviour of Shih Tzu
Rooted in their history as “alert dogs,” Shih Tzus are natural barkers who will alert you to anything new in their environment. They can be curious and may dig if left unsupervised outside. Despite these traits, they are sweet-natured and crave love and companionship. Their calm demeanor and small size make them excellent companions.
Training of Shih Tzu
Shih Tzus are eager to please, which makes them relatively easy to train. They respond well to high-reward treats and positive reinforcement. Just be mindful of the calories in treats to avoid weight gain, as they can add up quickly in small breeds.
Fun Activities
Shih Tzus enjoy various activities, including:
- Neighborhood walks
- Backyard or indoor playtime
- Learning new tricks
- Cuddling with family
These activities keep them happy and engaged while strengthening their bond with you.
Grooming Guide for Shih Tzu Dog
Skin Care
Despite their minimal shedding, Shih Tzus require regular grooming due to their continuously growing coat. Bathing once a week is essential to prevent matting and skin irritation. If you notice redness, flakiness, or dryness, consult your veterinarian.
Coat Care
Shih Tzus need frequent brushing—ideally daily—to keep their coat free from mats and tangles. Professional grooming should be part of your routine to manage their long hair or to trim it into a stylish cut.
Eye Care
Keep the hair around your Shih Tzu’s eyes trimmed or tied back to prevent irritation. Their prominent eyes can easily become inflamed if the hair rubs against them. Tear staining is also common due to their flat faces; keep the area clean and dry. Contact your vet if you see excessive staining or if their eyes are red and swollen.
Ear Care
Shih Tzus are prone to ear infections because hair in their ear canals can trap moisture. Use a vet-approved ear cleaner regularly to prevent infections, and consult your vet or groomer if excessive hair in the ears needs removal.
Dental Care
Daily brushing with dog-safe toothpaste is crucial for maintaining dental health. Regular veterinary check-ups will help monitor your Shih Tzu’s oral health and determine if professional cleanings are needed.
